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Objective:To analyze the survival rate of malignant tumor in the elderly over 60 years old in Qidong city from 1972 to 2016, and to provide basis for prognosis evaluation and prevention.Methods:Based on the data of 66 386 patients with malignant tumor in the elderly over 60 years old in the Qidong cancer registration and reporting system, the survival outcome was tracked by the method of active follow-up and passive follow-up.All of these data were then analyzed by stratification of sex, age, tumor site and hospital level.Results:During the period of 1972 to 2016, the total number of patients with malignant tumors in the elderly were 66 386 cases, accounting for 56.66% of patients in all age groups.The observed survival rate(OSR)of 5 and 10 years were 14.52% and 9.53% and relative survival rate(RSR)of 5 and 10 years were 19.76% and 18.92%, respectively, in the elderly in Qidong.The 5-year RSR was 16.98% for males and 23.91% for females, being a statistically significant( χ2=339.83, P<0.001). The 5-year RSRs of elderly patients in males and females increased from 7.53% and 15.83% in 1972-1976 to 28.06% and 39.01% in 2012-2016, respectively.The 5-year RSR of 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84 and 85 years old and over were 22.84%, 20.53%, 17.74%, 18.30%, 18.02% and 14.06%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference( χ2=694.27, P<0.001). Among the top 10 major malignancies, the ranks of 5-year RSR from high to low were breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, malignant lymphoma, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, respectively.A comparison between 2002--2016 and 1972--1986 showed that the increased rank of absolute values of RSR from highest to lowest were prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, female breast cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, malignant lymphoma, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer, respectively.The 5-year RSR of patients diagnosed in the district / township hospitals, county hospitals, city-level 3A hospitals and provincial-level 3A hospitals were 13.97%, 23.71%, 26.12% and 28.55%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference( χ2=841.93, P<0.001). In the 45 years, the average annual percentage change(AAPC)ratio of 5-year OSR was 3.88%( t=6.75, P<0.001), and the 5-year RSR was 3.69%( t=7.44, P=0.001); the AAPC of the 5-year RSR was 3.91%( t=9.66, P<0.001)in males and 3.42%( t=6.08, P=0.001)in females.The AAPC ratio of 5-year RSR in each age group were 4.08% for 60-64 years, 4.18% for 65-69 years, 3.91% for 70-74 years, 3.12% for 75-79 years, 3.81% for 80-84 years, 0.51% for 85 years old and over, respectively.Except for age group of 85 years old and over( P=0.615), significant rising trends were observed in all age groups( P<0.01). Conclusions:Malignant tumors in the elderly have become the major cancer burden in Qidong, and there are significant gender and age differences.The overall survival rate in elderly patients with malignant tumors has been significantly improved in the past 45 years, which may be related to the improvement in the level of diagnosis and treatment and the service capacity of hospitals.
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As a new hepatocyte-specific lipid droplet-related protein, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is involved in hepatocyte lipid synthesis. Recent studies have shown that an insertion-deletion variant of the HSD17B13 gene is associated with a reduced risk of chronic liver diseases; however, the specific biological function of HSD17B13 and its involvement in the pathogenesis of liver diseases remain unclear. This article elaborates on the biological function of HSD17B13, its mechanism of action in alcohol-related liver, and the research advances in clinical application.
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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a series of chronic non-infectious liver diseases caused by long-term heavy alcohol consumption. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced during alcohol metabolism, and if it is not eliminated completely, it may cause oxidative stress, which will further lead to inflammatory response of Kupffer cells and lipid peroxidation and thus accelerate the progression of alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis. The human body can generate a variety of enzymes or antioxidants to eliminate ROS and its by-products and resist oxidative stress. This article reviews several enzymes or antioxidants involved in antioxidant activity in ALD.
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Objective@#To establish the review criteria for children′s blood cell analysis, ensure the accuracy of blood cell analysis results, and ensure that pathological cells are not missed.@*Methods@#A total of 1 420 samples of blood cell analysis were collected from outpatients and inpatients in Shanxi Children′s Hospital from May to June 2018, which were detected by SYSMEXXN-350 and XN-A1 automated blood cell analyzer. Blood smears weredouble-blindly examinedunder microscope. Among them, 463 were used for the establishment of review criteria, 586 were used for the verification and evaluation of review criteria, and 371 were used for the application effect study of review criteria. According tothe 41 rules recommended by ISLH, combining the characteristics of children′s physiology, pathology, disease and abnormal alarming information of hematology analyzer, the review criteria suitable for children′s blood cells were established.@*Results@#Through the evaluation and optimization of 41 rules recommended by ISLH, 23 rules for reexamination of children′s blood cell analysis were formulated, with a reexamination rate of 25.09%, and a false positive rate was 14.16%. A total of 371 samples of patients with hematological diseases were selected for the application of the review criteria. The false negative rate was 2.96%, and no pathological cells were missed.@*Conclusion@#The children′s blood cell review criteria established in this study has been verified and evaluated, which not only ensures the quality of the report, but also improves the work efficiency, and provides an important basis for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of childhood leukemia, infectious mononucleosis and other hematological diseases.
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Objective To evaluate the risk factors for postoperative hypoparathyroidism.Methods Tolally 200 patients with thyroid diseases undergoing total thyroidectomy at Department of General Surgery,Ruijin Hospital from Sep 2012 to Oct 2015 were followed up.The related risk factors were analyzed.x2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the correlation between hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy and the other clinical factors.Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify these risk factors.We analyzed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculated the area under the curve (AUC).The highest accuracy cutoff levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level at 1 day after thyroidectomy (iPTH 1 d) and ％ iPTH decline were determined from the ROC curves.Results Of the 200 patients,66.5％ developed hypoparathyroidism on the first day,6.5％developed hypoparathyroidism in 6 months after surgery.That was 3.5％ in 1 year.The femaleness(OR =2.966,95％ CI:1.480-5.945,P =0.002),age (OR =0.972,95％ CI:0.946-0.999,P =0.039),and bilateral center lymph node dissection (OR =5.508,95％ CI:1.693-17.923,P =0.005) were independently correlated with postoperative hypoparathyroidism.The parathyroid hormone concentration on postoperative day 1 (OR =0.738,95％ CI:0.556-0.979,P =0.035) and 131I remnant ablation therapy (OR =12.887,95％ CI:3.434-48.367,P =0.000) were independent risk factors for postoperative hypoparathyroidism in 6 month.Both iPTH ＜ 3.05 pg/ml and ＞ 92.5％ iPTH decline on post-op dl could accurately predict significant hypoparathyroidism postoperative 6 month with accuracy of 82.1％ and 78.2％.Conclusions Bilateral center lymph node dissection and 131I remnant ablation therapy are risk factors for postoperative hypoparathyroidism,the iPTH1 d and ％ iPTH decline can predict hypoparathyroidism in postoperative 6 month.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid microcarcinoma (MTMC).Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with MTMC from Mar.2012 to Sep.2016 were retrospectively reviewed.All cases were treated with surgery and pathologically proved to be MTMC.Results All patients were sporadic MTMC.Calcitonin and CEA levels were measured before surgery in 11 patients.The median values were 81.61 (3.36-1187) pg/ml and 7.42 (0.81-90.75) ug/ml,respectively.All patients were followed up postoperatively.During a median follow-up of 24 months (8-63 months),no death happened.Regional lymph node metastasis occurred in 8 patients (57.14％),and lateral lymph node metastasis in 5 cases (35.71％).The rate of postoperative calcitonin abnormal was significantly higher in patients with lateral lymph node metastasis (P＜0.01).6 cases (42.86％) had abnormal postoperative calcitonin,among whom 5 cases had preoperative baseline calcitonin level higher than 100 pg/ml.Patients having abnormal postoperative calcitonin suffered from higher calcitonin and CEA baseline (P＜0.05).The tumor size was similar in two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions For patients with thyroid nodules,preoperative screen of calcitonin can effectively detect MTC.Patients with elevated CEA also need to exclude the possibility of MTC.Compared with tumor size,calcitonin baseline is more important to surgical options and postoperative outcomes.Lateral lymph node metastasis,baseline calcitonin ＞100 pg/ml indicates abnormal postoperative calcitonin.
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Objective To evaluate the role of cabon nanoparticles for dissecting lymph nodes and preserving parathyroid glans in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central neck dissection.Metheds From Sep.2015 to Feb.2016,100 patients in Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine with thyroid carcinoma undergoing primarily total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central neck dissection were randomly divided into carbon nonoparticle group and the contol group.The numbers of total dissected lymph nodes,the lymph node posterior to fight recurrent laryngeal nerve,metastasized lymph nodes,inadvertent parathyroidectomy,the parathyroid hormone and serum total calcium were measured.Results The average counts of lymph nodes in carbon nonoparticle group (10.96±5.43)were more than those in the control group at (8.22±4.40)lymph nodes,(t＝2.78,P＝0.01).The average counts of lymph node posterior to fight recurrent laryngeal nerve in carbon nonoparticle group (1.62±1.95)were more than those in the control group at (0.76±1.21)lymph nodes,(t＝2.66,P＝0.01).The numbers of metastasized lymph nodes was 2.02±2.40 in carbon nonoparticle group and 1.84±2.61 in the control group.The difference had no statistical significance(t＝0.36,P＞0.05).The amount of PTH and the decrease of PTH discrepancy one day after surgery between the two groups had no statistical difference (t＝0.23,P＞0.05),(t＝l.04,P＞0.05).The carbon nonoparticle group had 2％(1/50)mistakenly parathyroid gland removed incidence,on contrary,the control group had 6％(3/50)mistakenly removed incidence.The difference had no statistical significance(x2＝0.26,P＞0.05).Conclusion Carbon nonoparticle can improve the central lymph node detection rate,but the protection of the parathyroid glands is more likey to depend on the experience of the operator and the vascular protection.
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Objective To explore the prevalence of prehypertension and the risk factors of prehypertension in young and middle aged population of Pinghu area in Shenzhen .so as to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of hypertension .Methods 1 498 residents who were young and middle aged in Pinghu Area in Shenzhen were recruited .The prevalence was calculated and the risk factors were analyzed with logistic regression .Results The incidence of prehypertension was 42 .90% in the population . The incidence of prehypertension in male(51 .82% ) was significantly higher than that in female(28 .27% ) .The mean levels of fast-ing plasma glucose ,total cholesterol ,triglycerides ,LDL-C ,body mass index were higher in prehypertension group than that in nor-mal blood pressure group ,HDL-C was lower than that in the normal blood pressure group .Logistic regression analysis showed that that abdominal obesity ,overweight ,triglycerides and HDL-C were the risk factors of prehypertension in men ,while abdominal obe-sity ,overweight and triglycerides were the risk factors of prehypertension in women .Conclusion Prevalence of prehypertension is higher in young and middle aged individuals of Pinghu area in Shenzhen .The abdominal obesity ,overweight and triglycerides are the most important risk factors of prehypertension .
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The tumor hospital has its unique resources superiority.To collect and utilize the information from tumor patients,information from their diagnosis and treatment,and biological specimens,through clinical epidemiology methods and design,would facilitate the deep development in the management and research at tumor hospitals in the new circumstances.Nantong Tumor Hospital,a first rate 3A hospital,and also one of the earliest-run specialized tumor hospitals in prefecture-level cities,possesses own basis for clinical epidemiological research,medical follow-up,and application of biobanking.In this paper we report the specific work plan and work contents,including:to establish a hospital-based cancer registry system for serving clinical epidemiology; to set up a follow-up system for clinical cases with tumor,in order to assess the effect of factors on tumor treatment and to analyse their survival rates; to build a biobank of tumor cases with perfect epidemiological information and background,fitting in with the needs of the development of translational medicine.The bottleneck problems in the work are also discussed.
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Objective To clone and express of Rv0091 encoding protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis,identify and characterize of the enzyme activities.Methods Construct the Rv0091 prokaryotic expression plasmid,the vector was transformed into E.coli strain BL21trxB.After induced by IPTG,recombinant protein was purified by Ni2+-NTA chromatography and analyzed for purity by SDS-PAGE gels stained with Coomassie Blue.Immunological activity was identified by Western blot.The recombinant protein molecular weight was identified by Mass spectrometry.The enzyme-coupled assay detectes enzyme activity.Results The expression plasmid pET32a-Rv0091 was constructed and expressed in E.coli.BL21trxB,and the optimum expression system was conformed.The purity of the recombinant protein was more than 95％.Western blot analysis confirmed that recombinant protein was one of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins.Mass spectrometry identified the relative molecular weight and theoretical molecular weight was basically the same.Enzyme assay showed the recombinant protein able to catalyze the substrate MTA.Enzymatic properties showed that the optimal buffer for the phosphate and Hepes buffer,the poor thermal stability of the enzyme,the optimal temperature of 37℃,optimal pH10-12,when the pH ≤7,the protein denaturation and loss of some vitality.Conclusion The recombinant protein methylthioadenosine nucleosidase(MTAN) was obtained and enzyme activity was detected and plays a key role in the metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression pattern of the cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic (Cres) gene in mouse testes and epididymis during postnatal development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the Cres mRNA level in postnatal mouse testes and epididymis on day 14, 20, 22, 28, 35, 49, 70 and 400.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Low-level Cres mRNA was detected on day 14 in both the testes and the epididymis. The expression of the Cres gene increased gradually with the development of the mouse, and it reached the peak on day 70 in the testes and on day 400 in the epididymis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The time-dependent expression pattern of the Cres gene in postnatal mouse testes and epididymis suggested that the Cres gene might be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.</p>